Post-demographic dividend economy graph showing purchasing power parity (PPP) growth from 2000 to today. Purchasing power parity adjusts the size of the economy to relevant price levels, i.e. measuring the price of specific goods in different countries and adjusting GDP accordingly.
Countries experiencing a post-demographic dividend, such as Japan and Italy, have GDP per capita (PPP) figures above the global average, reflecting aging populations with high productivity. These economies often face challenges related to labor shortages and increased healthcare costs.