Information technology networking refers to the practice of connecting computer systems and devices to enable communication, data sharing, and resource access. Computer networks are built using a combination of hardware (e.g., routers, switches, access points, cables) and software (e.g., operating systems, business applications). They can be classified based on their geographic scope and purpose:
– Local Area Network (LAN): Connects computers over a relatively short distance, allowing them to share data, files, and resources. For example, a LAN may connect all the computers in an office building.
– Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): Similar to a LAN but with wireless connections between devices on the network.
– Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects computers over a wide area, such as from region to region or even continent to continent. The internet is the largest WAN, connecting billions of computers worldwide.
– Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Larger than LANs but smaller than WANs, typically owned and managed by cities and government entities.
– Personal Area Network (PAN): Serves one person and allows devices like smartphones and laptops to share and sync content.
– Storage Area Network (SAN): Provides access to shared network or cloud storage that appears as a storage drive attached to a computer.
– Campus Area Network (CAN): Also known as a corporate area network, it is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
Computer networks enable communication for various purposes such as business operations, entertainment, research, and more. They form the backbone of the internet, online search engines, email services, audio/video sharing platforms, e-commerce websites, live-streaming platforms, social networks, and more.